Analisis Diksi dan Struktur Gramatikal dalam Surah Al-Muddatsir (Makiyyah) dan Surah Al-Baqarah (Madaniyyah)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the diction and grammatical structure in two surahs of the Qur'an that have different backgrounds of time and place of revelation, namely Surah Al-Muddatsir (Makkiyyah) and Surah Al-Baqarah (Madaniyyah). The analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method that includes aspects of word choice (diction) and syntactic structure (tarkib). In this study, verses 1 to 10 of Surah Al-Muddatsir were selected which display the typical characteristics of Makkiyyah revelation such as a short language style, full of emotional pressure, and containing an initial call to preach. Meanwhile, from Surah Al-Baqarah, several representative verses were selected, namely verses 2, 45, 183, and 286 which describe the characteristics of Madaniyyah revelation in the form of legal content, social instructions, and longer and more complex sentence styles. The results of the analysis show that Surah Al-Muddatsir uses more forms of the verb amr and short but strong sentence structures, and also contains moral and spiritual messages. while Surah Al-Baqarah is dominated by the number of ismiyyah and complex grammatical structures as well as the use of legal and educational diction. This difference shows how the language style of the Qur'an adapts to the socio-cultural context of society at the time of revelation.