Studi Hukum tentang Mantuq dan Mafhum dalam Ketentuan Al-Qur'an tentang Puasa, Shalat, dan Talak

Abstract

This article analyzes the conceptual and methodological role of mantuq (explicit meaning) and mafhum (implied meaning) in Islamic legal reasoning, focusing on Qur’anic verses related to fasting, prayer, and divorce. Within the framework of classical usul al-fiqh, these two interpretive approaches have long served as foundational tools for extracting legal rulings (istinbat) from textual sources. The study categorizes mantuq into forms such as nass, zahir, and mu’awwal, while outlining types of mafhum, including mafhum al-muwafaqah and mafhum al-mukhalafah, with further subtypes such as mafhum al-sifah, shart, ghayah, hal, and hasr. Through qualitative analysis of selected Qur’anic verses and their interpretive treatment in juristic tradition, the research illustrates how both mantuq and mafhum contribute distinct but complementary dimensions to legal understanding. Case examples from the domains of ritual practice and family law demonstrate how explicit legal commands and implicit legal implications function together to provide a fuller picture of divine intent. The study also reflects on the interpretive boundaries of mafhum, acknowledging that its application requires careful assessment to avoid overextension or speculative reasoning. By clarifying the structure, function, and interrelation of mantuq and mafhum, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of Qur’anic legal semantics and classical methods of legal derivation. The analysis confirms the enduring relevance of both approaches for interpreting legal verses with greater textual sensitivity and methodological consistency.